What Is Fanfiction? Meaning, History, Key Terms, and Where to Read It

FE
Fanficia EditorialAI-assisted, human-edited
Published 9 October 20264 min read

What is fanfiction?

Fanfiction (fanfic) is a story written by fans using characters and worlds from an existing work: a book, TV show, anime, movie, or game. The setting is borrowed; the plot, pairings, and "what ifs" are the fan's own.

A ready-made idea to start: «Write a Harry Potter fanfic where the Sorting Hat puts Hermione Granger in Slytherin and she has to survive her first year among her new housemates.»

Generate this story

Put simply, fanfic is what happens when a story ends and readers aren't done with it. Someone wants the missing scene, the happier ending, or the romance the show only hinted at, so they write it.

A short history of fanfiction

Before the internet: pastiche and zines

Readers were rewriting other people's stories long before the word existed. Sherlock Holmes fans wrote their own cases while Conan Doyle was still alive. Modern fandom, though, starts with Star Trek: in 1967 the fanzine Spockanalia printed fan stories, and soon fans were typing, photocopying, and mailing zines across the country.

1998: FanFiction.Net

FanFiction.Net opened in 1998 and gave anyone a place to post. A whole generation of Harry Potter, Naruto, and Lord of the Rings writers learned the craft there.

2000s: AO3, Wattpad, and regional archives

  • Wattpad (2006) built its audience on phones and younger readers.
  • Archive of Our Own (AO3) launched in 2008 (open beta in 2009) and is run by the nonprofit Organization for Transformative Works. It won a Hugo Award in 2019 and still runs without ads.
  • Non-English fandoms grew their own hubs, such as Ficbook for Russian-language fic.

Today

Millions of people read and write fanfic, and some of it crosses into mainstream publishing. Fifty Shades of Grey began as Twilight fanfiction, and Anna Todd's After started as One Direction fic on Wattpad.

Why people write fanfiction

  • More of a world they love. The show got cancelled; the characters didn't stop existing.
  • Fixing canon. Fix-it fics save characters and rewrite endings (yes, Game of Thrones season 8).
  • Shipping. Pairing characters up is one of the biggest engines in fandom.
  • Practice. Borrowed characters take half the work off your plate, so you can focus on scenes, dialogue, and pacing.
  • Community. Comments, kudos, and recs are a big part of why people keep posting.

Fanfiction terms you'll see everywhere

TermMeaning
CanonThe official source material: the books, episodes, or game.
FanonIdeas fans repeat so often they feel official, even though they aren't.
FandomThe community around a work, and the work itself as a space.
Ship / pairingTwo (or more) characters fans want together. To "ship" is to root for them.
AUAlternate Universe: the same characters in a different setting, era, or world.
OOCOut of Character: a character acting in ways canon wouldn't support.
Fic / fic writerShort for fanfiction, and the person who writes it.

For more depth, see our posts on canon vs fanon, types of AU in fanfiction, and what OOC means. The rest of the jargon lives in our fanfiction slang glossary.

Is fanfiction legal?

Short answer: fanfiction sits in a legal gray area, and most rights holders tolerate it as long as nobody makes money from it. This is general background, not legal advice.

  • In the US, fans rely on fair use. Courts weigh the purpose of the new work, how much of the original it uses, and whether it hurts the market for the original. Non-commercial, transformative fic has a stronger case, but no court has given fanfiction a blanket pass.
  • In the UK and EU, there's no broad fair use doctrine, though exceptions for parody and pastiche exist.
  • Authors differ. J.K. Rowling has generally tolerated non-commercial fic; Anne Rice spent years asking fans not to write in her worlds.

Fandom's working rules: don't sell fanfic, credit the source, don't copy large passages of the original, and respect an author's request to stay away.

Where to read fanfiction

Check the rating and warnings before you start. Our guide to fanfic ratings explains what each rating means.

How to write your first fanfic

  1. Pick a fandom you know inside out.
  2. Write down one "what if": Hermione in Slytherin, Sherlock without John, Eren remembering the future.
  3. Choose a genre and tone: romance, drama, fluff.
  4. Write the first scene, not a forty-chapter outline.

If the blank page is the problem, try the Fanficia generator: type your idea, the AI drafts the first chapter, and you continue, edit, and publish it. Here's one to start with: Hermione sorted into Slytherin. For the full walkthrough, read how to write a fanfic from scratch.

Written by the Fanficia editorial team: drafted with AI assistance, edited and fact-checked by a human. How we write: editorial policy

Write your own fanfic

Describe the idea — the AI drafts a chapter and you stay the editor.

A ready-made idea to start: «Write a Harry Potter fanfic where the Sorting Hat puts Hermione Granger in Slytherin and she has to survive her first year among her new housemates.»

Generate this story →

Read next

Fanficia Editorial

The Fanficia blog is written by the Fanficia editorial team. We draft with AI assistance; a human editor checks the facts and fandom terminology, rewrites the text and signs off on every post. Spotted a mistake? Email support@fanficia.com and we will fix it and update the article date.

How we write: editorial policy →
Try it free